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The Play: The Barnett Shale
Drilling Under the Radar
By Cheryl Hudak
On the surface, September 28, 2007, appeared to be a typical day at the bustling Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport.
As usual, more than 165,000 passengers streamed through the nation’s third-busiest airport, rushing to catch one of 2,000 flights that arrive or depart every day.
For a select group of people, however, September 28 was not a typical day at all.
It was the day Chesapeake turned on the gas at DFW.
For the members of Team DFW, it was a day of celebration – the culmination of 14 months of preparation, negotiation, permitting, testing and drilling. And yet it was just one more landmark in what has become the largest drilling program ever accomplished at a major hub airport.
Symbol of high-flying Texas, an American Airlines jet
streams past the derrick of a Chesapeake drilling rig at
DFW International Airport. The company’s historic DFW
natural gas project is being conducted under such stringent
standards that most passengers are unaware of its progress.
It was not a typical day beneath the ground, either. There, a mile and a-half below the earth’s surface, natural gas trapped for 300 million years within the stingy formation called the Barnett Shale began moving up a wellhead to begin its journey to heat homes, generate electricity and propel the economies of Texas and the nation.
The DFW Airport project is a history-making partnership that began in October 2006, when the DFW Airport Board of Directors entered into an exploration and drilling lease with Chesapeake. The lease covers 18,453 acres of airport property, located on one of the largest remaining contiguous prospective areas in the energy-rich Barnett Shale natural gas play.
Today there are approximately 30 wells producing at DFW Airport, with production of approximately 50 million cubic feet of natural gas equivalent (mmcfe). The company has five rigs working day and night to complete a projected 327-well drilling program over the next five to six years. Assuming an estimated average recovery of approximately 2.6 billion cubic feet of natural gas equivalent (bcfe) gross reserves per well, the company believes that almost one trillion cubic feet of natural gas equivalent (tcfe) reserves can be produced from under the airport.
Chesapeake hopes to reach a peak production level from the airport lease of approximately 250 mmcfe per day by year-end 2011, and expects production to continue for the next 50 years.
Each of the horizontal wells will penetrate more than a mile vertically and then make a horizontal turn, extending another mile from its original drillsite. This pad drilling technique, which Chesapeake has perfected, allows wells to reach under roads, runways, buildings and other structures, leaving surface activities undisturbed.
Drilling multiple wells from one pad site also minimizes the footprint of gas development while containing costs. Up to 14 wells may be drilled from each single pad on DFW.
The entire project is a marvel of modern technology – and a testament to the power of building win-win partnerships.
“Blending the cultures of Chesapeake, DFW Airport and the FAA (Federal Aviation Agency) was really the key to making this project work,” said Dave Leopold, Chesapeake’s DFW Project Manager. “This project was the first of its kind to be attempted on such a large scale. Our partners had no experience to go by, and had to learn to overcome their preconceptions of oil and gas development. Basically, we came to understand each others’ businesses. Now, after building a relationship, we work together very well.”
Each phase of the project required a stack of paperwork and permits. As one phase was being executed, permits for the next were being worked out between the three partners.
“DFW alone has eight administrative departments that have to approve every step of every process. The FAA also has eight. We’d get approval from a couple departments and think we were good to go,” Leopold said. “Then another department would say it wouldn’t work, and we’d be back at the drawing board. Once we all determined exactly what we needed it became much easier.”
Less than two months after the lease was signed, Chesapeake began 3-D seismic testing on the property. Seismic data are gathered when sound waves are shot deep into the ground by vibrator trucks located on the surface – in this case, on airport grounds, terminals, runways and taxiways. Echoes from those sound waves provide a subterranean map to help determine the best drilling locations in the low-permeability shale.
It was a tricky operation, conducted under the scrutiny of airport security officials, the FAA, numerous environmental and safety watchdogs and the Airport Board. The seismic testing took three months and was conducted during nighttime hours between 11 p.m. and 6 a.m., when air and land traffic slow down at the bustling facility.
Plans for collecting the high-fold, high-resolution seismic survey often had to be modified on the fly to accommodate buildings, hazards and airport regulations. Despite the challenges, the crew was able to acquire 32 square miles of high-density 3-D seismic under the direction of Larry Lunardi, Chesapeake Vice President of Geophysics.
With the 3-D survey completed, the first DFW well was spud May 2, 2007, in the north sector of the airport. Airport emission limits require the use of three electric and two diesel-powered rigs. Four 173-foot-tall rigs are operated by Chesapeake’s drilling subsidiary, Nomac. The fifth, an Italian-built rig supplied by Mountain Drilling, is drilling where regulations specify a 100-foot rig height limit. All drilling locations use closed-loop mud systems, which eliminate the need for open pits to hold water and drilling fluids.
“Chesapeake has put together a great team for this project,” Leopold said. “Our management is completely on board. We have a supportive and talented technical and geoscience staff – and of course a terrific team in Fort Worth. It takes a team atmosphere to succeed on this scale.”
As drilling crews work, the sound of equipment is overridden by the roar of low-flying jets making their way through the air space. From above, frequent fliers will see some new additions to the DFW landscape during take-offs and landings – drilling rigs.
Airport users will also benefit from the royalties from natural gas development on the site. The airport plans to use royalty income to improve its terminals, reduce debt, invest in new infrastructure and make DFW one of the more cost-competitive large hub airports in the world.
“This is a monumental deal for DFW that will bring non-aviation revenue to new highs for the next couple of decades,” said Jeff Fegan, CEO of DFW International Airport. “Our passengers, our owner cities and the North Texas economy will all be benefactors of DFW’s great fortune.”
Despite the challenges of conducting operations during
nighttime hours and constantly changing plans to
accommodate buildings, hazards and airport regulations,
Chesapeake’s team acquired 32 square miles of high-density
3-D seismic data to help determine the best drilling locations.
Milestones
October 5, 2006
Lease signed between DFW International Airport and Chesapeake Energy Corporation
December 16, 2006
3-D seismic testing begins
March 8, 2007
Completion of 3-D seismic testing
March 29, 2007
Environmental assessment approved by FAA
April 4, 2007
First airspace permit approved by FAA
May 2, 2007
First well spud by Chesapeake
August 21, 2007
First well fracturing begins
September 28, 2007
First gas produced
Creating opportunities for prosperity
Chesapeake’s DFW project is setting new standards in the energy industry for minority subcontractor and minority investor participation, creating new opportunities for economic prosperity that will last for decades to come.
As part of its lease with DFW International Airport, Chesapeake agreed to meet two goals for the M/WBE
(Minority/Women-owned Business Enterprise) Program: M/WBE investment participation in the project should be 20%, and M/WBE subcontractors should represent 20% of total dollars.
The company exceeded the investment goal by reaching 20.17%. The subcontractor participation rate changes monthly but is currently at 26%.
For its efforts, Chesapeake was presented with DFW International Airport Small and Emerging Business Department’s Excellence in Innovation and Technology Award recognizing its efforts to increase diversity in a nontraditional industry. The company was also recognized for implementing innovative development programs which promote diversity at DFW and in the community.